California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an indirect method mostly used to investigate the strength of subgrade material for highway design. The CBR of subgrade materials can be determined from costly and time-taking laboratory or in situ CBR tests. These limitations suggest the need for an easy and low-cost in situ direct method to estimate the CBR of subgrade materials. Dynamic cone penetration (DCP) is easy, quick, and economical in situ test in geotechnical uses. However, the use of DCP test to evaluate the CBR of subgrade material is condition specific i.e., local conditions should be considered before adopting existing correlations in engineering design. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a correlation that can predict the CBR of subgrade material from the dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI). Several laboratory and field tests including Plasticity index (PI), Liquid limit (LL) and Plastic limit (PL), in situ density, and classification (sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis), CBR (unsoaked), in situ moisture content, and DCP were conducted. The suitability of the existing model to predict CBR from DCPI was checked. The prediction model was then developed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result of the SPSS analysis is log (CBR) = 2.954 – 1.496log (DCPI) with R2 = 0.943. The result shows that a good correlation exist between the dynamic cone penetration indexes (DCPI) and unsoaked CBR values.
| Published in | American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 12, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12 |
| Page(s) | 169-177 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
California Bearing Ratio, Dynamic Cone Penetration, Subgrade Soil, Correlation
| [1] | Amini, F. Potential applications of dynamic and static cone penetrometers in MDOT pavement design and construction. 2003, Jackson State University Department of Civil Engineering, Final report. |
| [2] |
Anon. Weather and Climate - The Global Historical Weather and Climate. 2024. Available at Data
https://weatherandclimate.com/ethiopia/southern-nations-nationalities-and peoples/Bonga (Accesed 11th August 2024). |
| [3] | Bowels, J. Engineering Properties of Soils and Their Measurement. 1984, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, second edition. |
| [4] | BSI. Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, Part 2 (BS 1377-2). 1990, British Standards Institution, London. |
| [5] | Burnham, R. Application of Dynamic Cone Penetration to Minnesota Department of Transportation Pavement Assessment Procedures. 1997, Report No. MN/RC-97/19, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota. |
| [6] | Carter, M., Bentley, P. Correlations of Soil Properties. 1990, Pentech Press Ltd., London. |
| [7] | Chen, H., Lin, F., Liau, H., Bilyen, J. A Correlation between Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Values and Pavement Layer Moduli. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 2005, 28(1), 42-49. |
| [8] | Chukka, D., V. K, C. Prediction of CBR Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development. 2012, 4(4), 07-1. |
| [9] |
David, J., John, H. Relationship between DCP, Stiffness, Shear Strength, and R-value. Institute Journal of Engineering and material science. 2005.
https://api.semanticscholar.org/Corpus ID: 108657591 |
| [10] | Elias, H., Shaban, A., Almuhanna, R. Assessing strength properties of stabilized soils using dynamic cone penetrometer test. Open Engineering. 2023, 13(1), 1-14. |
| [11] | ERA. Pavement rehabilitation and asphalt overlay design manual. 2013, Ethiopian Roads Authority. |
| [12] | George, KP., Uddin, W. Subgrade characterization for highway pavement design. 2000, Report number, FHWA/MS-DOT-RD-00–131, Mississippi DOT, Jackson. |
| [13] | Hassan, A. The Effects of Material Parameters on Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Results for Fine-Grained Soils and Granular Materials (Ph.D. Dissertation), Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, 1996. |
| [14] | Hughes, C. Compaction of Asphalt Pavement. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis of Highway Practice 152: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. Washington, D. C, 1989. |
| [15] | Huntley. Use of a dynamic penetrometer as a ground investigation and design tool in Hertfordshire. Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications, 1990. |
| [16] | Ikechukwu, A. F., Emeka, O., Hassan, M. Resilient Modulus Prediction of Subgrade Soil Using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer. 2019, In: Hemeda, S., Bouassida, M. (eds) Contemporary Issues in Soil Mechanics. GeoMEast 2018. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. |
| [17] | Jones, D., Harvey, J. Relationship between DCP, Stiffness, Shear Strength, and R-value, Technical memorandum prepared for California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Division of Research and Innovation Office of Roadway Research, Technical Memorandum TM-UCB-PRC-2005-12, Pavement Research Center the University of California, Berkeley & University of California, Davis, 2005. |
| [18] | Lakshmi, S., Geetha, S., Selvakumar, M. Predicting soaked CBR of SC subgrade from dry density for light and heavy compaction. Materials Today, Proceedings, Volume 45, Part 2, 2021; 1664-1670, 2021. |
| [19] | Livneh, M., Livneh, NA., Ishai, I. The Israeli Experience with the Regular and Extended Dynamic Cone Penetrometer for Pavement and Subsoil-Strength Evaluation. Nondestructive Testing of Pavements and Back calculation of Moduli: Third Volume. Ed. Tayabji, S, & Lukanen, E. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2000. ASTM International. 2000. |
| [20] | Meshram, K. Estimation of field CBR from DCP for subgrade soils. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2022, 15(898). |
| [21] | Navarrete, M., Breul, P., Gourves, R. Application of wave equation theory to improve dynamic cone penetration test for shallow soil characterization. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2022, 14(1). 289-302. |
| [22] | Pandey, C., Agarwal, S. Correlation between soaked & unsoaked CBR values of different soil samples. Journal of emerging technology and innovative research. 2019, 6(6), 326-330. |
| [23] | Rajasekhar, C., Baba, A., Rao, M. To develop a correlation between CBR and Dynamic Cone Penetration value. International Journal for Technological Research in Engineering. 2016, 4(1), 11(16). |
| [24] | TRL. Overseas Road Note 18: A Guide to the Pavement Evaluation and Maintenance of Bitumen-Surfaced Roads in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Countries. 1999, Transport Research Laboratory. |
| [25] | Wilches, F., Diaz, J., Avila, J. Correlation between California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for soil from Sincelejo city in Columbia. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 2018, 13(4), 2068-2071. |
| [26] | Younis, A., Kamal, R., Hyam, D. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Compressibility Indices Predictions from Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Index (DCP) for Cohesive Soil in Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2020, 38(2). |
| [27] | Zohrabi, M., Scott, P. The correlation between the CBR value and penetrability of pavement construction materials. 2003, Prepared for Transport for London (street management). |
APA Style
Halala, Y. D., Tafesse, S. T., Teferi, H. T. (2024). The Use of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Predict California Bearing Ratio Value of Subgrade Soils. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(5), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12
ACS Style
Halala, Y. D.; Tafesse, S. T.; Teferi, H. T. The Use of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Predict California Bearing Ratio Value of Subgrade Soils. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 169-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12,
author = {Yitagesu Desalegn Halala and Samuel Tadesse Tafesse and Henok Tsegaye Teferi},
title = {The Use of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Predict California Bearing Ratio Value of Subgrade Soils
},
journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {169-177},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20241205.12},
abstract = {California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an indirect method mostly used to investigate the strength of subgrade material for highway design. The CBR of subgrade materials can be determined from costly and time-taking laboratory or in situ CBR tests. These limitations suggest the need for an easy and low-cost in situ direct method to estimate the CBR of subgrade materials. Dynamic cone penetration (DCP) is easy, quick, and economical in situ test in geotechnical uses. However, the use of DCP test to evaluate the CBR of subgrade material is condition specific i.e., local conditions should be considered before adopting existing correlations in engineering design. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a correlation that can predict the CBR of subgrade material from the dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI). Several laboratory and field tests including Plasticity index (PI), Liquid limit (LL) and Plastic limit (PL), in situ density, and classification (sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis), CBR (unsoaked), in situ moisture content, and DCP were conducted. The suitability of the existing model to predict CBR from DCPI was checked. The prediction model was then developed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result of the SPSS analysis is log (CBR) = 2.954 – 1.496log (DCPI) with R2 = 0.943. The result shows that a good correlation exist between the dynamic cone penetration indexes (DCPI) and unsoaked CBR values.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Use of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer to Predict California Bearing Ratio Value of Subgrade Soils AU - Yitagesu Desalegn Halala AU - Samuel Tadesse Tafesse AU - Henok Tsegaye Teferi Y1 - 2024/11/11 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12 T2 - American Journal of Civil Engineering JF - American Journal of Civil Engineering JO - American Journal of Civil Engineering SP - 169 EP - 177 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8737 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241205.12 AB - California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is an indirect method mostly used to investigate the strength of subgrade material for highway design. The CBR of subgrade materials can be determined from costly and time-taking laboratory or in situ CBR tests. These limitations suggest the need for an easy and low-cost in situ direct method to estimate the CBR of subgrade materials. Dynamic cone penetration (DCP) is easy, quick, and economical in situ test in geotechnical uses. However, the use of DCP test to evaluate the CBR of subgrade material is condition specific i.e., local conditions should be considered before adopting existing correlations in engineering design. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a correlation that can predict the CBR of subgrade material from the dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI). Several laboratory and field tests including Plasticity index (PI), Liquid limit (LL) and Plastic limit (PL), in situ density, and classification (sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis), CBR (unsoaked), in situ moisture content, and DCP were conducted. The suitability of the existing model to predict CBR from DCPI was checked. The prediction model was then developed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result of the SPSS analysis is log (CBR) = 2.954 – 1.496log (DCPI) with R2 = 0.943. The result shows that a good correlation exist between the dynamic cone penetration indexes (DCPI) and unsoaked CBR values. VL - 12 IS - 5 ER -
Ethiopian Roads Administration, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Ethiopian Roads Administration Road Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
